منابع مشابه
Calculating Accumulations 1 Calculating Accumulations
The accumulation strategy consists of generalizing a function over an algebraic data structure by inclusion of an extra parameter, an accumulating parameter, for reusing and propagating intermediate results. It is one of the standard optimization techniques taught to functional programmers 13). However , there remain two major diculties in this accumulation strategy. One is to determine where a...
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We present a novel method for building Abstrips style abstraction hierarchies in planning. The aim of this method is to minimize search by limiting backtracking both between abstraction levels and within an abstraction level. Previous approaches for building Abstrips style abstractions have determined the crit-icality of operator preconditions by reasoning about plans directly. Here, we adopt a...
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Systems biology is an excellent research topic for social scientists because systems biologists themselves are fascinated by the social organization of their field. Moreover, as systems biology is an emerging research area, studying it from a sociological perspective allows social scientists to observe how scientists develop new fields of inquiry and practice, and challenge existing institution...
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This note reviews several methods proposed for calculating the amount of an appropriate remittitur using a sample of “comparable” cases. It recommends a simple quantile estimate. A remittitur is a post-trial procedure that may arise after a plaintiff has established liability and is awarded damages by the jury. Under U.S. law, the defendant may move for a new trial, or, in the alternative, a re...
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Functional programs are merely equations; they may be manipulated by straightforward equational reasoning. In particular, one can use this style of reasoning to calculate programs, in the same way that one calculates numeric values in arithmetic. Many useful theorems for such reasoning derive from an algebraic view of programs, built around datatypes and their operations. Traditional algebraic ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.327.5964.395-c